Business Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Logistics - Essay Example Among its many achievements, the company boasts of being the largest employer in the industry it operates in besides being a leader in the area of research and development judging by the nature of investment it has made in the recent past. Moreover, Jaguar is also one of the leading exporters of manufactured vehicles from the United Kingdom with the company claiming an 80% stake in the country. Some of the major world destinations its brands have been exported to include China, the United States, Germany, Russia and Italy. The company has seen many changes and since the year 2008, it has come to be owned by Tata Motors Limited. Its strategic approach has been based on a sustainable development policy, which has meant that the company has to integrate its strategic decision making with the goal of remaining responsible and ethical to all stakeholders and the society as well as the environment affected by its operations. On the financial front, the company’s overall results have remained impressive with the group announcing a pre-tax profit of  £ 1,507 million in March 2012 (Jaguar Land Rover 2012). In the area of logistics, the company has been on a massive expansion and therefore the scope of its operations has diversified in the recent years. To sum up the extent of its operations, the automotive giant has three manufacturing plants in the United Kingdom in addition to its two product development sites. The company’s investment portfolio therefore requires that it is able to appropria tely manage its process flows and integrate modern logistic concepts in its day-to-day operations so that it remains to be a leader in the industry. To begin, it is important that we examine the existing operational flows in the company. With competition and technological advancement the key drivers, most manufacturing firms in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in the

Absurdity of a Sivilized Society-an Analysis of Huckleberry Finn Essay Example for Free

Absurdity of a Sivilized Society-an Analysis of Huckleberry Finn Essay The Absurdity of a â€Å"Sivilized† Society Authors often express their views on any given subject through their works, and Mark Twain is no exception. One may read The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and believe it is simply a novel about a young boys childhood; however, a deeper analysis of the text reveals many of Mark Twain’s expressions about important moral and social issues. Perhaps one of the most prominent being the frailty of human justice and the hypocrisy we as a people foster in our societies. Throughout the novel, Huck meets people who appear to be good, civilized people, but always end up having a hypocritical fault about them. Though not every instance is a grave matter, Twain’s writing shows that societies in Huck’s world are based upon corrupted laws and principles that defy basic logic. Twain’s writing leaves the reader with an understanding that cowardice, illogical choices, and selfish as well as hypocritical people mark these societies. Twain begins weaving hypocrisies and cants early into the story; one of the most appalling being the issue of Huck’s custody. This flawed system of thought is first shown when the new judge in St. Petersburg rules that Pap has rightful custody of Huck. Although this would be bad for Huck if his father became his legal guardian, the judge asserts Pap’s rights to Huck as his biological son, despite the fact that this is placing Huck’s welfare below the so-called rights of his father. Ironically, this system would put Huck under his dad’s custody, leaving him worse off, whereas Jim is separated from his family despite being a far better father and person. However, the welfare of the individual isn’t highly valued in society, and thus they are placed in uncomfortable, often dangerous situations. The judge tries to put Huck back in contact with his horrid father and therefore abuse, but Jim, a loving parent, never receives help to be with his children and help rescue them from slavery and separation. This decision defies all logic one would find in a normal society, and yet this kind of thinking was commonplace. The values and welfare of a black person were nowhere near as important as those of a white man, and even though Jim is a grown man with the most in tune moral compass of any character in the book, Huck still has power over him simply because he is white. By comparing the situation of Pap and Huck with slaves and their masters, Twain hints that it is impossible for a society to be civilized so long as it practices slavery. Though not quite as harmful, another example of a hypocritical character can be found in the Widow Douglas and Miss Watson. In an attempt to â€Å"sivilize† Huckleberry, Miss Watson reprimands him for smoking a cigarette and yet she snuffs tobacco. â€Å"Pretty soon I wanted to smoke, and asked the widow to let me. But she wouldn’t. She said it was a mean practice and wasn’t clean, and I must try to not do it any more†¦ And she took snuff, too; of course that was all right, because she done it herself† (Twain 2). She prevents Huck from doing what she believes is uncivilized and detrimental to his health, yet doesn’t think twice about proceeding to do something very similar simply because she herself enjoys it. This example of hypocrisy is not particularly malicious, but yet another example of how all the characters Huck is involved with has some form of a hypocritical flaw. Furthermore, Miss Watson is quite religious and, in efforts to teach Huck, tells him that all he must do is pray for something and he will have it. However, when Huck needs fishhooks and asks her to help pray for them, she calls him a fool. Then Miss Watson she took me in the closet and prayed, but nothing come of it. She told me to pray every day, and whatever I asked for I would get it. But it warnt so. I tried it. Once I got a fish- line, but no hooks. It warnt any good to me without hooks. I tried for the hooks three or four times, but somehow I couldnt make it make it work. By-and-by, one day, I asked Miss Watson to try for me, but she said I was a fool. (Twain 8). Miss Watson tells Huck that if he does something, he can expect a certain result but when things don’t work, he asks for her help and she chides him for it! The widow Douglas and Miss Watson are religious, educated, and yet, they are slave owners. They educate Huck, and teach him religion but find it perfectly acceptable to do things contrary to their teachings, such as snuff and practice slavery. The latter, being a more insidious humbug of St. Petersburg, is shown over and over again throughout Huck’s journey. As Huck begins to stray from his backwards, insincere town, he reaches different places with different people, all different in their own way and yet, very similar to those in St. Petersburg. The Duke and Dauphin are two despicable con men who join Huck and Jim as they continue to drift on the river. The Duke and Dauphin cause trouble for Huck and Jim, as well as the towns they visit. The fault here is that, the Duke and Dauphin are able to scam entire communities by lying, pretending to be someone they’re not, and cheating their guests. Though they spend most of the novel doing awful things or planning awful things, they both are hardly punished. After the first showing of The Royal Nonesuch, the first group of attendees realizes they have been cheated. However, instead of chastising the Duke and Dauphin, the audience that night chooses to lie about the performance in order to cheat a second group of attendees. Hold on! Just a word, gentlemen. † They stopped to listen. â€Å"We are sold—mighty badly sold. But we don’t want to be the laughing stock of this whole town, I reckon, and never hear the last of this thing as long as we live. NO. What we want is to go out of here quiet, and talk this show up, and sell the REST of the town! Then we’ll al l be in the same boat. Ain’t that sensible? † (You bet it is! —the jedge is right! † everybody sings out. ) â€Å"All right, then—not a word about any sell. Go along home, and advise everybody to come and see the tragedy. † (Twain 114). Most hypocritical, however, is the fact that the Judge of the town conceived this plan. He who stands as a pillar of justice and truth in the town decides to cheat the others in order to save face. By the third night, everyone in town has seen the play and the Duke and Dauphin make a large profit from their misconduct. Immoral acts committed by the Duke and Dauphin never yielded punishments, but brazen, drunk insults led to execution. Boggs, described as the â€Å"most easy going old fool in Arkansas†, began shouting insults and anathemas at Sherburn, the man who had cheated him. He [Sherburn] was standing perfectly still in the street, and had a pistol raised in his right hand—not aiming it, but holding it out with the barrel tilted up towards the sky†¦ Boggs throws up both of his hands and says, â€Å"O Lord, don’t shoot! † Bang! goes the first shot, and he staggers back, clawing at the air—bang! goes the second one, and he tumbles backwards on to the ground, heavy and solid, with his arms spread out. † (Twain 108). The Duke and Dauphin cheat entire communities and remain unpunished by their terrible acts; however, peccadilloes like shouting drunken insults result in execution. Twain’s writing exposes the issue of faulty justice and duplicitous nature of men. Furthermore, Sherburn’s speech to the angry mob around his house in relation to a lack of logic and cowardice capitulates Twain’s societal views. Twain’s use of hypocrisy helps express his views on societal issues. Though not every instance is harmful, such as Miss Watson’s snuff usage, other notable examples such as the execution of Boggs and the custody of Huck highlight his belief that cowardice, lack of logic, and selfishness are at the core of society, not the communal welfare that it should be. The repeated instances of insecure, logic defying justice are the root of the problem, as thoughtless crimes are punished severely whereas serious crimes go scot-free. Throughout the novel, Huck meets characters that appear good, yet Twain makes a conscious effort to prove they are prejudiced slave owners. The illogical choices and hypocritical people presented throughout the novel show the hypocrisy and ludicrousness of the â€Å"sivilized† society.

Nostradamus :: essays research papers

Nostradamus lived in the 16th century in France. He was a healer of the black plague, which was an incredible pandemic that struck Europe, killing thousands. But when his wife and two children died of it, he went in to seclusion and started writing his â€Å"visions.† He wrote them in verses of four that are called quatrains. Nostradamus was said to have predicted many things. He predicted what he called as â€Å"the three antichrists.† The first is believed to be Napoleon. The second antichrist he predicted, in which is said by most as his most incredible prediction, is believed to be Hitler. He wrote of the second being called Hisler. He is also credited with predicting the French Revolution, the American Revolution and the deaths of the two Kennedy brothers. Since the movie was made in the early 80’s, their present predictions aren’t really applicable to us. But he predicted the world was to become completely flooded after a giant earthquake which was to happen in the New City. The new city is believed to be LA, California because it lies on the San Andres Fault, which is a hotspot for earthquakes. He also tells of a great famine that would engulf the world. Probably Nostradamus’ most incredible predictions are the ones of the future. He is said to predict the third antichrist as one from the middle east which would bomb the new city and he gives the latitude of New York city. Not only that, though, he says specifically that the city would be attacked twice. This relates tremendously to the attack on the world trade center believed to be planned by Osma Bin Laden. But, even though it does say that the city would be attacked twice, it also says that the first attack would fail.

The Gross Clinic :: essays research papers

In 1874, Thomas Eakins took a second course in anatomy at Jefferson Medical College. He attended surgical lectures and clinics presided over by Professor Samuel D. Gross. Eakins painted â€Å"The Gross Clinic,† to show the emotion involved in medical procedures. It appears as if the doctors performing the surgery have emotionally removed themselves from the situation at hand. By removing themselves from the emotional aspects of the surgery, the doctors can complete the task much easier than they would have been able to do if they had become emotionally attached to the patient. Had the doctors been emotionally involved in the surgery, they would have become more prone to making errors while operating on the patient because they would be thinking more of their feelings than they would about the surgery in progress. Although emotions are great and necessary things, sometimes trying to remove them is for the best. Another thing noticed by the viewer is the veiled woman crying next to the doctor. She is very involved in this operation by letting her emotions freely show themselves. This woman could be the mother or siblings of the patient, and while she knows that the surgery was necessary to save or improve the life of her beloved, it is difficult to watch. By putting emotions out into the open, as the woman has done, makes them easier to deal with. Keeping feelings bottled up inside can cause breakdowns and emotional instability. This adds another layer of complexity to the surgery. Performing the task would require enough of the doctor's skill, but mix emotion into the equation, and the work, mentally as well as physically, is doubled. In the painting, Gross appears to be feeling a various assortment of emotions. He has paused his surgery and lecture, to deeply think about something. While he must keep his feelings in check, he also needs to by sincere for the sake of the patient’s mother and the students in the surgical amphitheatre. The head of the doctor is placed against a dark background, making it stand out. This creates a dividing layer of emotions. This â€Å"emotion layer† divides the onlookers, who have no real intentions other than to observe the lecture, from the actual participants involved in the surgery. The people in the foreground, whether fighting to get rid of them or choosing to let them to flow out, are dealing with some sort of feelings.

Golden Ratio

Golden ratio ; The Definition of Beauty â€Å"Geometry has two great treasures: one is the Theorem of Pythagoras; the other, the division of a line into extreme and mean ratio. The first we may compare to a measure of gold; the second we may name a precious jewel. †Ã‚   Johannes Kepler, 1571-1630 The golden ratio is present in everyday Life. The golden proportion is the ratio of the shorter length to the longer length which equals the ratio of the longer length to the sum of both lengths. It can be expressed algebraicay like : This ratio has always been considered most pleasing to the eye.It was named the golden ratio by the Greeks. In the world of mathematics, the numeric value is called â€Å"phi†, named for the Greek sculptor Phidias. The Golden Ratio is also known as the golden section, golden mean or golden rectangle. The Golden Rectangle has the property that when a square is removed a smaller rectangle of the same shape remains, a smaller square can be removed an d so on, resulting in a spiral pattern. It is a unique and important shape in mathematics which also appears in nature, music, and is often used in art and architecture. Our human eye „seesâ€Å" the golden rectangle as a beautiful geometric form.Leonardo Fibonacci discovered the unusual properties of the numeric series, that’s how it was named. It is not proven that Fibonacci even noticed the connection between the Golden Ratio meaning and Phi. The Renaissance used the Golden Mean and Phi in their sculptures and paintings to achieve vast amounts balance and beauty. Throughout the centuries, artists have used the golden ratio in their own creations. An example is â€Å"post† by Picasso. The Golden Ratio also appears in the Parthenon in Athens. It was built about 440 B. C. ; it forms a perfect Golden Rectangle. Another example of the Golden Ratio is shown in Egyption Pyramids.Ancient Egyptions used the Golden Ratio to build their pyramids. The pyramids show one o f the first examples of using the golden ratio in architecture. The Golden Ratio was used to build these wonders of the world back in around 2500 B. C. In India, the Golden Mean was used in the construction of the Taj Mahal, which was completed in 1648. After writing this essay an interesting result has occurred. Now I see the examples of the Golden Ratio everywhere. It is like my eyes were opened whole time but didnt take any attention about those detais. And I'm glad because it changed.

The spinal cord Essay Example

The spinal cord Essay Example The spinal cord Essay The spinal cord Essay The spinal cord, which connects the brain and the peripheral nervous system, contains millions of neurons responsible for sending information throughout the body. Included in these nerve cells are those for balance and movement. When the spinal cord is injured, the organism may suffer paralysis and recovery from this can be aided by nerve growth factors also called neutrophins. This study aims to demonstrate the effect of spinal cord transection to test animals and the recovery of these animals with the aid of neutrophins (Coumans, et al.).MethodsSpinal cord transection was done using the procedures of Bregman and McAtee (1993) except that the tissue transplantation part was not performed. The test organisms are adult female rats, around 6-8 weeks old, with a weight of 200-250 grams before surgery. The spinal cord was transected with iridectomy scissors. Neutrophin was then administered to the animals subcutaneously. A gel foam soaked in saline solution was placed on top of the trans planted tissue and the muscle and skin covering the transection area were stitched back in place.   Ten rats were used in this set-up. For comparative purposes, ten rats were subjected into the same transection surgery procedure, but were not given neutrophins. Ten rats were used as a control, which did not undergo transection and neutrophin administration. The 30 rats were given 20 cc/d of D5 lactated Ringer’s solution for hydration. The test animals were given antibiotics [sulfamethoxazole (4  mg/100 gm)-trimethoprim (0.8  mg/100 gm)] to prevent infection. They were also given food and water inside their cages. The locomotor behavior of the animals was observed   to determine the recovery of their spinal cord after the injury (Coumans et al., 2001).ResultsBehavior of the test animals which were subjected to transection only, transection with neutrophin administration, and not subjected to both transection and neutrophin administration (control) were observed and rec orded. Observation of movement and locomotor functions to determine the recovery of the rats were started right after the surgical procedure. The results agreed with those of Coumans et al. (2001). All the rats exhibited no voluntary movement of their hind limbs while taking steps. The animals dragged their extended hind limbs passively while being supported by their forelimbs. However, their locomotion functions started to vary 3 to 4 weeks after the transection. The animals which received transection only did not show improvement of their hind limb function. On the other hand, those which received neutrophin together with trasnsection showed improvement of hind limb weight support, nearly showing a pattern similar to that of the control rats. The test animals’ limb movements were further observed using stairs. The control animals (C) showed full support of their weight using their limbs in each step. The animals which were subjected to transection only (T) dragged their hin d limbs while climbing. Those which were subjected to transection and were also administered neutrophins (T+N) exhibited improved hind limb function, with their weight supported in each step while climbing (Fig. 1).Fig. 1. Comparison of the mean total of steps with supported weight of the test animals. Control animals (C) showed 100% weight support, rats which received transection only (T) showed no weight support, and those which were transected and given neutrophins showed increased weight support in their steps.T  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   T+N  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CDiscussion/ConclusionsIn the experiment, rats were used as models as they provide consistency or results when it comes to spinal cord injuries (Adamson, 2000). Results show that the test animals were able to recover well with the aid of neutrophins. These also agree with the established fact that neutrophins are important requirements for the survival neurons. These neurons are especially developed in the v estibular ganglia. Since these neurons are located in the inner ear, they are of particular importance for the sense for motion and balance. Since neutrophins are nerve growth factors (NGFs), they help in the recovery of the injured spinal cord (Lodish, et al., 2000).When the spinal cord is damaged, cytokines are induced in response to the damage. Together with this, growth factors which would function for recovery are also induced.   One example is neutrophin, which aided the administered test animals to regain a considerable improvement in their locomotor functions. This would explain the poor recovery of the rats which were subjected only to transection and did not receive neutrophins. Since they are not given the growth factor, their neurons and spinal cord tissues did not improve after the injury promoted by the transection. As opposed to those which received neutrophins, their hind limbs did not heal enough to provide weight-supported steps (Friedman, 2000).The improvement o f locomotor functions of the hind limbs of the test rats can be correlated to the restoration of the neuron connections present in the spinal column. This restoration is further supported by the administered neutrophins (Coumans, 2001).Results derived from this study as well as from other recent studies on neutrophin receptors, apoptosis, and spinal cord injury can provide mechanisms on how to prevent degeneration of neurons. This would aid in the discovery of therapeutic means to help an injured spinal cord recover (Friedman, 2000).

AIDS Related Stigma essays

AIDS Related Stigma essays Since the appearance of AIDS in the late seventies and early eighties, the disease has had attached to it a significant social stigma. This stigma has manifested itself in the form of discrimination, avoidance and fear of people living with AIDS (PLWAs). As a result, the social implications of the disease has been extended from those of other life threatening conditions to the point at which PLWAs are not only faced with a terminal illness but also social isolation and constant discrimination throughout society. Various explanations have been suggested as to the underlying causes of this stigmatization. Many studies point to the relationship the disease has with deviant behaviour. Others suggest that fear of contagion is the actual culprit. Examining the existing literature and putting it into societal context leads one to believe that there is no one cause. Instead, there would appear to be a collection of associated factors that influence societys As the number of people infected with HIV increases, social workers are and will be increasingly called upon to deal with and serve PWAs. Although not all social workers chose to work with PLWAs, the escalating incidence of HIV infection is creating a situation in which seropositive people are and will be showing up more often in almost all areas of social work practice. This paper aims to examine AIDS related stigma and the stigmatization process, hopefully providing insights into countering the effects of stigma and perhaps the possibility of destigmatization. This is of particular pertinence to the field of social work due to our growing involvement with the HIV positive population. Association to Deviant/Marginal Behavior One of the most clearly and often identified causes of AIDS related stigma is its association to deviant behaviour. The disease has had and still does have a strong association for many to ...

Slope Formula to Find Rise over Run

Slope Formula to Find Rise over Run The slope formula is sometimes called rise over run. The simple way to think of the formula is: Mrise/run. M stands for slope. Your goal is to find the change in the height of the line over the horizontal distance of the line. First, look at a graph of a line and find two points, 1 and 2. You can use any two points on a line. The slope will be the same between any two points on a straight line.Note the X and Y value for each of the points.Now well designate the X and Y value for points 1 and 2. Well use subscripts to identify them in the slope formula. The formula for the slope of the straight line going through the points (X1, Y1) and (X2, Y2) is given by M (Y2 - Y1) / (X2 - X1) The answer, M is the slope of the line. It can be a positive or negative value. The subscripts are only used to identify the two points. They are not values or exponents. If you find this confusing, you could give the points names instead. How about Bert and Ernie? Point 1 is now Bert and Point 2 is now ErnieLook at the graph and note their X and Y values:(XBert, YBert) and (XErnie, YErnie)The slope formula is now: M (YErnie - YBert) / (XErnie - XBert) Slope Formula Tips and Tricks The slope formula can give a positive or a negative number as a result. In the case of vertical and horizontal lines, it can also give no answer or the number zero. If the slope is a positive value, the line is rising. The technical term is increasing.If the slope is a negative value, the line is descending. The technical term is decreasing.You can check your math by eyeballing the graph. If you got a negative slope but the line is clearly rising, you made an error. If the line is clearly going down and you got a positive slope, you made an error. It could be you mixed up X and Y and points 1 and 2.Vertical lines have no slope. In the equation, you are dividing by zero, which does not produce a number. If a quiz asks the slope of a vertical line, dont say zero. Say it has no slope.Horizontal lines have a zero slope. Zero is a number. In the equation, you are dividing zero by a number and the result is zero. If a quiz asks the slope of a horizontal line, say zero.Parallel lines have equal slopes. If you find the slope of one line, you dont have to run the formula for the other line. They will be the same. This can save you some time and effort.Pe rpendicular lines have negative reciprocal slopes. If two lines cross at a right angle, you can find the slope of one and then change the value for the other to negative or positive.

Women's health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women's health - Essay Example In the study undertaken my Moss et al. the main focus is one of the types of STD which is herpes simplex. The empirical data had been gathered on the aim to determine the possible predictors of the herpes simplex virus type 2. The population in focused is composed of the young women that are at risk of being pregnant. The said risk can be considered as the main reason for the differences in the gender on the basis of the fact that the said disease has a possibility of being transferred to the baby (Moss et al. 113). The data had been gathered through secondary reproductive health records of women included in the age 15 to 24 years from 2 selected clinics in San Francisco. The baseline information is primarily gathered along with the sexual history through an interview. The preliminary HSV-2 testing then follows which is undertaken through fingerstick blood test. Both the pregnant women and the women that are at risk of pregnancy are included and monitored. In cases of pregnancy, the development of the HSV-2 had been observed while in the women that are at risk of pregnancy are divided at the end by those who became pregnant and those who had been able to be protected by contraception such as condom (Moss et al. 113). The results showed that the HSV-2 seroincidence and the unintended pregnancy are of relatively high risk. For that matter, the said study had been considered as one of the important evidence of the need for contraception and STD prevention (Moss et al. 113). Basically, herpes simplex is one of the types of STD that is commonly occurring but can be ignored by the public due to the fact that HIV/AIDS are considered more dangerous. It is important to note that the fact that it can risk both the mother and the baby during pregnancy can be considered as an important reason to give enough attention in the prevention and elimination of such cases.

Firms, Markets and Business Management Case Study

Firms, Markets and Business Management - Case Study Example of Australia decision on the dollar will have a vast impact on the financial market and the overall trading in the country, including demand and supply of imports and exports. The appreciation in Australian Dollar will impact the consumer rates of trading accordingly creating a higher spending ability of the people; hence, higher demand for products. The expected decision thus, to appreciate the Australian dollar will in result give consumers spending power, creating demand for products including from the whiskey firm. The whiskey firm will have to provide ore supplies hence earning more revenue and profits. The appreciation of the Australian dollar will target the inflation rate, as an expression to achieve over a period of years. Thus, in implementing the decision taken, the Australian Reserve Bank will seek to facilitate a flexibility for the policies that account for the short term impact on the consumer and producer as well as the overall economic growth (Australia , p 17, 2015). Thus, the trading course in the country with respect to the will Australian dollar changes will create a demand for supplies hence a steady curve for the trading engagements for the whiskey firm. In recent developments within the U.S., the U.S. Dollar has gained remarkable ground in trade, sparking an upward growth of the dollar. The effect resulting is global investors stashing money into the economy giving the dollar more muscle for trading against the other currencies. Consequently, the U.S. Dollar as it gains grounds for stronger trading and higher rate, the impact is on the global investors that export their products into the country (Valentine, p 14, 2012). The established implications for the higher dollar include that, the company that generates revenue from within the country have better competitive advantage against the local companies trading in foreign markets. Translating the profits back to the Australian Dollar will notably benefit this Australian whisky firm

Cell Sat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Cell Sat - Essay Example Calls whose orbits are a lot of times higher than normal satellites, are also known as geosynchronous satellites, offer no time delay in the voice and almost no echo effect. So to achieve this satellite phone will be using Low Earth orbiting satellites. CellSat will be designed on path diversity architecture which offers overlapping satellite coverage, so that any call can be made available to be handle from many satellites in any location. This will result in fewer dropped calls. Motivation is any need that an individual seeks to satisfy. Before becoming a motive, it has to have intense stimulation or arousal. The motives are classifies as biogenic and psychogenic needs. Biogenic needs are need for drinks, sex and bodily comfort. Psychogenic needs are psychological needs which are also known as secondary needs, such as the need for nurturing, independence and achievement. Motivation can also be described as wanting like someone, which is why companies hire celebrities so that the consumers can be attracted towards them, and be motivated to buy that product. For instance David Beckham appeals to the youngsters and he is a brand ambassador of a lot of products. It is because of him that people buy the products, may be because they want to be like him. It is one of the psychogenic needs (Stein)Companies around the world spend billions of dollars for making a tagline and the right message for their products since motivation and perceptions influence consumer beh avior in many ways. For a consumer market, anything can be a motivational factor. Like promoting a product through celebrities, is one of the most important motivational factor these days.. For any market, especially the UK market, Celebrities likely David Beckham can be a lot appealing to the youth market while those like Stephen Fry appeal to the more scholarly and discerning people. It is a

Behaviour & Individual Differences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Behaviour & Individual Differences - Essay Example He frequently has trouble turning in homework and loses things such as pencils, books etc. The teachers have spoken to the child but to no avail. When asked why he has not done the homework, he says he has lost the assignment paper. They have also spoken to his parents. The parents also report the same behaviour at the home. The teachers at previous school have also reported the similar behaviour at the school. Since the start of traditional education, the debate has been ranging regarding teaching the students of various sections of the population in one classroom and yet fulfilling the individual range of need of any child. Today, this concern has been expressed and addressed by lot of institutions as well as experienced educational experts around the world. Since, the onset of eighteenth century, the governments are taking lot of interest in the spread of both quantity and quality of the education for all sections of the population. In addition to that, they are also concerned about the education of children with various needs such as children who are affected by ADHD. To this end, they have enacted several laws which were designed to benefit the students (Cialdini, 2007) 3. The Education Act implemented in 1944, organized the education system in three categories as per the requirement of the child such as primary, secondary and tertiary. It also classified the 11 categories handicap. 5. The Warnock report in 1978, the term SEN was mentioned which replaced 11 categories of Handicap. This report also established the 5 stage approach for assessment and recognition. The authorities also considered the SEN in the mainstream education. 6. With Education Act in 1981, the authorities enacted the recommendations from Warnock Report. The recommendations which were enacted were the 5 stage approach, abolishment of handicap categories. It also included the introduction of

A Literary review of William Shakespeare's play Othello Essay

A Literary review of William Shakespeare's play Othello - Essay Example He is admirable in many ways, and seems to have led a blameless life before the meddling of Iago in his relationship with his wife Desdemona. Despite all his heroic attributes, there is one thing that proves to be his downfall: Othello cannot free himself from the prejudice against his religion and race which he faces, and this makes him over-sensitive to criticism and much too hasty in defending his honor. Iago describes Othello at the very start of the play as â€Å"The Moor† (1.1.39) and Roderigo calls him â€Å"the-thick lips† (1.1.65) before we have had a chance even to meet him, and this sets the scene of a society which judges people by the color of their skin. In Shakespearean times English audiences would very rarely have seen a black man, and so this element of difference would have been something exotic and perhaps also a little shocking to them too. It is clear that Iago does not like Othello. The men of Venice suspect that he has used witchcraft, which is n ot permissible for Christian citizens and a Senator asks â€Å"Did you by indirect and forced courses/ Subdue and poison this young maid’s affections/ Or came it by request and such fair question/ As soul to soul affordeth? (1.3.111-113) Against such a scandalous suggestion, Othello responds with an answer that would stresses his own bravery and her own freely given love for him: â€Å"She loved me for the dangers I had passed,/ And I loved her that she did pity them. This only is the witchcraft I have used.† (1.3.166-168) Othello wants to be like the rest of them, successful in his job and happy with his wife, whom he loves. Unfortunately, this is precisely what Iago resents, because Iago is jealous and thinks that people who are not Venetians and Christians should not enjoy the benefits of a noble position. When Iago sets up his plan to trick Othello by pretending that Desdemona is unfaithful, he is targeting the point where Othello is most weak. His pure and beauti ful wife is, to Othello, the most precious thing in his life. For Othello, Desdemona’s love signifies acceptance in this new world, and her conventional innocence and beauty are the qualities that he cannot have himself, because of his appearance and background. Through her, he feels at peace with the and successful at last after many years of hardship. This is a kind of pride, but most people would forgive him for this because he is a faithful husband and dutiful servant of the court. One of the interesting aspects of the play is the fact that Othello believes Iago’s accusations, and does not trust in the faithfulness of Desdemona. His reaction to the accusation is very extreme and he can hardly speak before falling down in a trance. (4.1.42) His honesty and truthfulness are no use to him in the face of such deceit, and the supposed knowledge completely overwhelms him so that all he can think of is revenge. The irony of the play is that it is his high moral standards, and his attachment to honor and duty that make him so intolerant of supposed infidelity. At the end of the play, when Desdemona is dead and Othello is about to kill himself he tries to explain this paradox to himself and to the audience. He wants to be remembered as he was, a man of high honor but also one who made a dreadful and violent mistake: â€Å"An honourable murderer, if you will,/ For naught I did in hate, but all in honour.†

Behaviour & Individual Differences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Behaviour & Individual Differences - Essay Example He frequently has trouble turning in homework and loses things such as pencils, books etc. The teachers have spoken to the child but to no avail. When asked why he has not done the homework, he says he has lost the assignment paper. They have also spoken to his parents. The parents also report the same behaviour at the home. The teachers at previous school have also reported the similar behaviour at the school. Since the start of traditional education, the debate has been ranging regarding teaching the students of various sections of the population in one classroom and yet fulfilling the individual range of need of any child. Today, this concern has been expressed and addressed by lot of institutions as well as experienced educational experts around the world. Since, the onset of eighteenth century, the governments are taking lot of interest in the spread of both quantity and quality of the education for all sections of the population. In addition to that, they are also concerned about the education of children with various needs such as children who are affected by ADHD. To this end, they have enacted several laws which were designed to benefit the students (Cialdini, 2007) 3. The Education Act implemented in 1944, organized the education system in three categories as per the requirement of the child such as primary, secondary and tertiary. It also classified the 11 categories handicap. 5. The Warnock report in 1978, the term SEN was mentioned which replaced 11 categories of Handicap. This report also established the 5 stage approach for assessment and recognition. The authorities also considered the SEN in the mainstream education. 6. With Education Act in 1981, the authorities enacted the recommendations from Warnock Report. The recommendations which were enacted were the 5 stage approach, abolishment of handicap categories. It also included the introduction of

Business law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Business law - Assignment Example These financial crises led to privatization of banks in Iceland as well as the latter’s deregulation in the year 2000; following the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers and the collapse of AIG. According to this film, corruption violated a number of rules of law. An example of a rule of law that was violated by corruption is misrepresentation. Misrepresentation refers to untrue statement of law or fact that induces a representee to sign a contract (Adamson 130). Representation occurs when the statement is made on the course of signing the contract, but if the statement turns out to be false, misrepresentation occurs. The three types of misrepresentation include negligent misrepresentation, fraudulent misrepresentation, and innocent misrepresentation. The case of the financial service industry entering the contract with Iceland is classed under fraudulent misrepresentation. Some criteria must be satisfied in order to amount to an actionable misrepresentation; first, there must be existence of a false statement of law or facts rather than an estimate of a future event or an opinion. If the representer is in a position to know the facts, a statement of opinion may amount to actionable misrepresentation. Consequently, unless the representer did not intend to carry out the stated intent, a statement of a future intent cannot amount to an actionable misrepresentation. False statement of law and silence will not amount to actionable misrepresentation. After the verification of a false statement, it is vital for the representee to explain how the untrue statement induced/relied on him/her to enter a contract. Lack of awareness of the false statement by the representee can result to no reliance or inducement. Another element of misrepresentation is disclosure duty with an example of the case summary of Turner versus Green (1895). This element discourages the act of duty to disclose facts, which would affect the decisions of the other party, making him/her not to enter a

The Importance of Literacy Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Literacy Essay Try and imagine our society without a common language. This could be quite a hard idea to fathom. Allow me to assist you. If this hypothetical idea were in fact true, a typical conversation between two individuals would be as follows: one of the two would begin the conversation by making noises representing their language, the other person would not understand these noises and respond with unrecognizable noises to the first individual. As you can well imagine, this would get quite frustrating. Rita Mae Brown describes literacy as, a social contract, an agreed upon representation of certain symbols (420). If the symbols (letters) meanings are not agreed upon by those attempting to communicate, then interpreting one another becomes difficult. Simply stated, literacy is very important. Society has proven time and time again, it will reward those individuals who are competent and impede those who are not, whether expressed in terms of employment opportunities (job success) or just on a social level. One need look no further than their everyday activities in order to realize how important literary skills are. Without adequate literary skills one may not be able to identify on a label the correct amount of medicine to give a child, or read and interpret a sign giving instructions on what to do in case of a fire. These two examples bring perspective to literacys importance. Nevertheless, recent surveys have indicated that, 4. 5 million Canadians, representing 24 percent of the eighteen-and-over group, can be considered illiterate (Adult Illiteracy 5). Illiteracy is truly a problem within Canada. Although many groups are working to render the problem of illiteracy, much work still lies ahead. As our society moves on into the next century literacy is proving vital to economic performance. Without basic literary skills in ones possession they will become lost in our rapidly changing society. The modern worker must be able to adapt to the changing job-scene. This often means gathering new skills and knowledge from printed material, whether instruction manuals, computer programs, or classroom training (text books). It is quite commonly the case that highly skilled jobs require a high level of literacy. Therefore, literary skill level is an important factor in predicting an individuals economic success. It will affect an individuals income, their employment stability and whether they even receive employment opportunities. Presently, our world revolves around literacy. Simply being literate allows one to continuously upgrade ones literary skills to a higher level. It allows one to stay informed of happenings in and around the world through mediums such as newspapers and magazines. Knowing current news about what is going on in this ever changing world of ours is the key to staying ahead. Another thought to ponder is this, we rely on those with high literacy levels to record and document findings and happenings for future generations to reflect on. These writings would most likely be dull and inaccurate or would not exist at all without our current levels of literacy. When viewed from a social standpoint, literacy remains just as important as when viewed from the economic standpoint. Linda Macleod of the National Associations Active in Criminal Justice, points out that, 65 percent of people entering Canadian prisons for the first time have trouble reading and writing, low literacy is part of a constellation of problems that can limit choices in life and thus lead people to criminal activity (20). Somebody in possession of a high level of literacy will most likely be well informed and tend to make wiser decisions. By obtaining this level of literacy they have also gathered a large vocabulary giving them many words to choose from to express their ideas and feelings. Conversely, many would agree that a conversation with one who has a good grasp of the English language is always more delightful than with one who is less educated. Literacy can act as a window, opening ones view to the world. Presently, we are being bombarded with information, news, trivia and gossip (not that this is always a positive feature in our lives). Without sufficient literary skills one cannot even absorb any of this information. These people will miss out on many of lifes benefits, socially as well as economically. Without sufficient literary skills one would have a tremendously difficult time functioning in our current world. Think about your average day, consider how many times you refer to your literary skills to aid you, could you function without those skills? Finding an address, reading a map, reading a menu, performing a bank transaction, these are just a few common tasks that require your literary skills. Also, when looking at the importance of literacy to our nation, its value is evident. High levels of literacy throughout all sectors of Canadas workforce are necessary, low literacy levels of workers affect Canadas ability to perform in the increasingly competitive international marketplace (Literacy 7). Literary skills become building blocks. First creating a well- educated society, then a highly skilled labour force which can compete and adapt to the changing market. These factors lead to an increase in economic growth within the nation which in turn, results in a higher standard of living for its people. As our society moves forward into the future, a higher level of literacy will become more important to ones level of success. Where would our society be without our ability to exchange knowledge and information? How many times have you made a purchase that read on the outside instructions inside? You and I think nothing of this, and in a sense take our gift for granted. For many, deciphering written instructions is a near impossible task, asking for assistance does little more than to further lower their self esteem. Literacy is important. To truly seize the benefits possible in ones life it has to be accepted that literacy is the key. Society will continue to reward skilled individuals and disadvantage those who are not.

Oil Palm Industry In Indonesia Environmental Sciences Essay

Oil Palm Industry In Indonesia Environmental Sciences Essay Palm oil industry gives main contribution for economic development in Indonesia. The industry is expected to be able to increase the income of a large number of poor in rural Indonesia. However the increasing demand for palm oil will give incentive for Government of Indonesia to increase national production. In some developed countries, oil palm is used as a substitute for trans fats, which is one of the highly saturated vegetable fat semi-solid form at room temperature. Palm oil is cheaper than other vegetable oils (World Growth, 2011). Palm oil from the oil palm (Elaeis guianensis) is being used for cooking and biodiesel, soaps, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, industrial and agro-chemical products (USDA 2010). The growing demand of oil palm in global market especially in the world trade vegetables oil encourages Indonesia to develop oil palm plantation areal. The development of oil palm plantation will be thread for some forest in Indonesia and causing deforestation and biodiversity (Manurung, 2001). Government of Indonesia set of some policies such as the designation of large land tracts to the expansion of palm plantations, decentralizing control over land-use licensing to provincial governments, and subsidizing credit and establishment costs for smallholders to promoted rapid expansion of oil palm area. The expansion which was done by deforestation had significant impacts on forest dependent communities who rely on forests for a wide range of good and services (Sheil et al, 2006, Belcher et al 2004). Oil palm also was criticized of disturbing human health, destroying cultural heritage, destroying ecosystem, and leading to the loss of autonomy and self-sufficiency (Brown and Jacobson, 20 05). All these may lead to social conflicts which were recorded by NGOs (Sawit Watch, 2008). In contrast, the oil palm is considered one of the most envioronmentally friendly oil crops because oil palms are more productive than other oil crops and to produce the same amount of oil are needed small areas than the other crops such soybeans or rapeseed (Arhem, 2011). There are many studies about aspects of oil palm plantation; contract farming, supply and demand oil palm in global market and environmental impact of oil palm. Contract farming in oil palm has conducted by Susila (2004) and Syahza (2004). Susila (2004) showed the oil palm has positive contribution to economic growth. This is indicated by growth of investment, output, and foreign exchange earning. Around Rp. 5 Rp. 11 Milion or more than 63% of household income of smallholder in Kampar and Musi Banyuasin. Furthermore, Oil palm has significant contribution to poverty alleviation (less than 10% off poor people in oil palm communities) and equity improvement (gini coefficient around 3.6).However, Syahza (2004) showed different between plasma farmers income and independent farmers. The different is caused of price distortion, skill, high cost production and monopsonistic market. Rifin (2010) studied about oil palm Indonesia in the world trade. The result show palm oil products from Indon esia and Malaysia are complementary rather than competing. The increase in the world income compared to Malaysia as reflected by higher income elasticity value can give more benefit to Indonesia. Some authors study about environmental impact of oil palm. Obidzinski et, all found the development of oil palm in West Papua (Manokwari), West Kalimantan (Kubu Raya), and Papua (Boven Digoel) has caused deforestation, water pollution, soil erosion, and air pollution and the household survey showed significant economic gains from oil plantations, however these were not available to all stakeholder and were not distributed evenly. The other study Sawit Watch (2008) showed impact of oil palm plantations on the environment in South East Asia is already well-documented. Indonesia is the third highest contributor of CO2 emissions in the world because fires used to clear the land and peat bogs are drained to plant oil palms, releasing hundreds of millions of tones of carbon dioxide. Plantations are one of the main drivers of deforestation in Indonesia, destroying the habitat of endangered wildlife, including the orangutan and the Sumatran tiger. The unsustainable expansion of Indonesias pa lm oil industry is leaving many indigenous communities without land, water or adequate livelihoods, destroyed of traditional costumes and culture and human rights. OVERVIEW OF STUDY AREA : INDONESIA Indonesia is located between 6 ° N- 11 ° S and 95 ° E 141 ° E. It is between Hindia Sea and Pacific Sea, among Asia continent and Australia continent. Indonesia consists some islands, such as Sumatera Island, Sulawesi Island, Java Island and Kalimantan Island (fig.1). Indonesia map.png Figure 1. Location of geography Indonesia, adapted from wikipedia (http://wikipedia.org,Access on 26 September 2012) Since 2008, Indonesia has been the most worlds producer and exporter of palm oil. Aceh, Java, Sumatera and Kalimantan are producer of oil palm in Indonesia. Palm oil industry in Indonesia a main agricultural industry and national economy.It is contributing 4.5% og GDP and employing over 3.0 million people (USDA, 2010). Oil Palm can grow well in the tropics andin the an altitude of 0-500 m above sea level with a humidity of 80-90%. Oil palm requires a stable climate with rainfall, 2000-2500 mm a year, which is the area that is not flooded when it rains and drought when dry. Annual rainfall patterns influence behavior oil palm flowering and oil palm fruit production. The oil palm fruit are small. It is about 6-20 gr and bunches of about 10 -40 kg, which a bunch holds about 200- 4000 fruits (Tengnas and Sveden 2002 in Arhem 2011). The fruit is orange-red in colour that comprises a kernel enclosed in a shell (endocarp) surrounded by pulp (mesocarp) (fig2). Yusoff and Hansen (2007) divided palm oil into three stages : plantation, transportation to the mill and milling. C:UsersErnah TangimPicturesjambi oil palm harvest.jpg Figure 2. The fruit oil palm (in bunches). Source : own picture RESEARCH PROBLEM Various problems faced in the development of Indonesia palm oil from the technological, economic, social and environmental aspects. Technological issues related to the productivity and value added. Weak government policies in the provision of incentives and the implementation of the policy itself will affect the increase in value added and product development for the strongly structure of the palm oil industry. Economic issues related to competitive oil palm product in the international market and resources access. Basiccally, Palm oil has more competitivenes than the other vegetable oils. Oil palm is the most efficient plants that produce oil in the world.It is around 0.25-0.28ha for produce 1 tonne CPO as raw material palm oil, meanwhile soybean,sunflowers and rapeseed need 1.5-2ha for produce 1 tonne oil seeds. Lack of access resources can be a threat to the sustainable development of oil palm estate plantation. To increase the productivity, Oil palm plantation need a good maintenance management and supported by efficient use of inputs, especially fertilizer and harvest handling of fresh fruit bunches. Oil World inside Bappenas 2008, showed the productivity of oil palm around 18-20 tonne FFB /ha/years (3,6-4 ton CPO/ha),meanwhile produktivity of soybean/seeds around 2-2,5 ton/ha/years (0,45-0,67). The emergence of social problems in the areal of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹oil palm development is about ownership, land use and how to transfer their rights. Vermoulen dan Goad (2006) showed the main constraint covers difficulty farmers to obtain capital because it can not qualify for the collateral relationship financing through a bank, a lack of technical development and market information. There is a problem about the uncertainty of land tenure plasma plantations that have been allocated by the government to communities of the village. There is no official document that can be used as legal basis for public ownership. It is only by agreement between the villagers and the company that the company will build a palm oil plantation to the plasma of 20% of the total area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹HGU (Plantation permits to use state land (leasehold)). The communities of village want the clarity of the status and location of their land because it greatly affects the value of the land. At first, tends to increase the price of land, but increasingly blurring the certainty of status and time of handover of land / credit agreement makes the land prices tend to decline again. The issues of environmental in the oil palm is about deforestation, biodiversity and climate change. Recent times, the transfer function natural forests and peat lands contribute to the negative form of deforestation, land degradation peat, water resource degradation, and loss of biodiversity. Development palm oil is also claimed to be incompatible with the spatial regulation, and there are coconut groves plantations in areas with high conservation value. Regardless of the issue, basically has many oil palm plantation companies while considering environmental aspects in conduct their business and become a member of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) (Theo,2010). III. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND This chapter deals with literature review to provide the necessary context in the current research. This includes literature of theory of environmental aspects. Environmental Aspects In economic the environment is viewed as a composite asset that provides a variety of services, such as provides the economy with raw materials and services directly to consumers (Tietenberg, 2006). An element of an organizations activities, products or services that can interact with the environment called environmental aspects. An environmental aspect describes the relevant issues that management needs to address, irrespective of level of abstraction e.g. waste management, global warming, resource extraction, lack of knowledge about process emissions, toxic material management, and biodiversity (Flemstrom, 2003). In addition, Munasinghe (1993), there are some issues of environmental that are related to global and transnational, natural habitats, land, water and urban industrial areas. In the other words, this is called the environmental system. There are some tools to assessing environmental impacts or aspects which called environmental system analysis tools (ESATs), such as Enviro nmental Impact Assessment (EIA), System of Economic and Environmental Accounting (SEEA), Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA), Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), Environmental Management System (EMS), Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA), Risk Assessment (RA) (Ahlroth et all,2011); Finnvede, Asa Moberg (2005)). Significance of the Study There are many issues in the oil palm production in Indonesia such as contract farming, environmental issues and social issues. Teoh (2010) show the environmental issues are deforestation, loss of biodiversity, climate change and use pesticide and fertilizer. Cahyadi and H.Waibel (2011) studied about contract farming in the oil palm in Jambi. Using the probity model and 245 smallholders who are respondents showed the contract participation significant with age of household head, indigenous, size of oil palm plot, and particular planting period. Overall, contract farming has a significant positive effect on smallholder income; it discriminates against the poorer smallholders. Primadona (2011) argue that the implementation of RPSO PC still have opportunities for companies to rectify their behavior by altering management practice in the palm oil Industry, especially for the countries which have poor implementation of regulations. Companies are forced to fix their management or otherwise risk being excluded from the competitive market for market completion and prospects of oil pam in the future. The researcher remains essential to implement of RSPO standards at the national level. Simon (2006) studied to identifiy most significant impacts of il palm cultivation on land,air and water and examines them appropriate to Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Oil Palm by RSPO. World Bank (2010) showed expantion of oil palm plantation can give positive impact to to local people through employment opportunities, improved infrastructure, increases in land value, and income from cultivating oil. However,it can give negative impacts to environment such as loss of acce ss to land without adequate compensation, loss of the benefits of mixed livelihood strategies, and loss of environmental services from natural forests (e.g., water, game, medicinal plants) and deforestation. Oil palm expansion also yields indirect or national level poverty alleviation benefits through government spending. Basiron and Chan (2004) argue three evidences of oil palm, sustainability: (1) oil palm can be used a vehicle for rural poverty eradication in Malaysia, astedy supplier of affordable food,non-food, biocomposites, nutritional and pharmaceutical products and a showcase for environmental improvment.Study by Obidzinki et all (2012) found that the development of oil palm in West Papua (Manokwari), West Kalimantan (Kubu Raya), and Papua (Boven Digoel) has caused deforestation, resulting ini significant secondary external impacts such as water pollution, soil erosion, and air pollution. Meanwhile, in the social impacts, many stakeholder group (employees,out-growers and investing households) report significant gains that were not evenly distributed. The earlier research has analyzed vulnerability of oil palm farmers to potential shock and poverty in several stages and scheme of contract farming. In the contract farming, there will be a share of benefit and risks each others between the company as nucleus estate and smallholders as plasma. Meanwhile in the second phase of this research will analyze about environmental aspects. Generally,this research will be to assess the environmental implications oil palm development using two plantations sites, namely the Bakri Sumatera Plantation and the Agro Astra Lestari as case studies.Analyze of framework is starting from the adoption in contract farming and its determinant factors than analyze environmental aspects in the oil palm industry. IV. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Based on the problem analysis and literature review previously, we formulate three following research questions that will be addressed in the current research. How are the perceptions of smallholder farmers about the long term environmental consequences of oil palm plantation in Jambi? How to asses the opportunities and constraints of sustainable oil palm management practices? And what are the environmental impacts in the oil palm industry? What is the degree of awareness of stakeholders group in Jambi province about the environmental implications oil palm development? How to develop of a set of policy recommendations to implement a more sustainable oil palm production system? The general objective of this research is to assess the environmental implications oil palm development using two plantations sites, namely the Bakri Sumatera Plantation and the Agro Astra Lestari as case studies. It is anticipated that research will have three major output : A better understanding of the perceptions of smallholders farmers about the long term environmental consequences of oil palm plantation in Jambi. An assessment of the opportunities and constraints of sustainable oil palm management practices. Analysis environmental impacts in the oil palm industry. An assessment of the awareness of stakeholders group in Jambi province to about the environmental implications oil palm development. Development of a set of policy recommendations to implement a more sustainable oil palm production system. V. METHODOLOGY Data Analysis To achieve the research outputs outline above the study will follow some methodology such as household survey, case study and key informant interviews. For the analysis of environmental aspects, applied consistently in Muora Jambi and Merangin for the purpose of comparison. As a first step: existing literature and secondary data about environmental aspects of oil palm plantation will be reviewed. For analysis of environmental aspects, different sources of data collection, i.e. smallholder surveys, focus group discussion, and key informant interviews will be used. Some stakeholders will be selected to represent various actors that are directly or indirectly affected by oil palm industry. The smallholder surveys will be repeated in order to update the information of the 2010 survey and to establish a panel data base. As a new aspect in the questionnaire a module on perception of the environmental impacts of oil palm will be added to the questionnaires. To complement information collected smallholder households and to get additional relevant data FGD (Focus Group Discussion) method will be used. Prior to the FGD semi-structure interviews will be conducted with key government official, company representatives, and civil society organizations to complement t he site specific survey data. Finally, this study will analyze environmental aspects using some econometric models. The data will be used to understand the perceptions of smallholder farmers about the long term environmental consequences of oil palm industry in Jambi. In this research, some questions are the same with the phase-1 research such as age, education, and household information, land and crops, oil palm production, off farm employment, asset, saving, oil palm contract participation, investment and future plan and as addition several questions about knowledge and perceptions smallholder farmers of environmental aspects. This information will be included in the smallholder questionnaires. The respondent farmers will be selected by multi stage and random sampling technique. The assessment of opportunities and constraints of oil palm management practices and awareness of stakeholder groups in Jambi province about environmental implications oil palm development will include qualitative approach analysis. The stakeholders group consist of Ministry Agriculture, NGOs local, Company oil palm, Association oil palm, Ministry environmental, research/academies, RSPO, ISPO and palm oil society. Finally, some econometrics models such as OLS (Ordinary Least Square) will be used to develop of a set of policy recommendations to implement a more sustainable oil palm production system. V.2. Data Collection Location Research conducted on oil palm smallholders farmers in the Province of Jambi since has established a data base of some smallholders farmers, 291, in two districts of Jambi province. A household surveys has been conducted in 2010 in three village in Merangin distric and one village in Muaro Jambi district. Province of Jambi is one of the main estate regions in Indonesia that produces rubber, coconut, coffee, tea, cinnamon oil palm, and cacao. Jambi is located in Sumatra which is still home to the majority of the national palm crop, with 75 percent of total matures palm area and 80 percent of total palm oil production. Jambi is chosen because it is one of the largest oil palm producers in Indonesia. There are totally 159,583 households cultivating oil palm in Jambi. It is noted that 59 percent of them are contractual smallholders and 41 percent are independent smallholders. They are distributed in 9 districts, namely Batanghari, Muaro Jambi, Bungo, Tebo, Merangin, Sarolangun, West Tanj ung Jabung, East Tanjung Jabung, and Kerinci. Generally, contract scheme in Jambi consists of PIR and KKPA scheme. For this project, we decided to select Muaro Jambi and Merangin districts. Locations are chosen purposively representing several stages, schemes, and geographic conditions which promote various problems. Source of Data To obtain the required information and meet the aims, it is essential to combine some methods to collect data. This study used primary data and secondary data. Primary data were gathered through field visits to the research area. The method used was surveyed and in depth interviews. Survey A formalized, pre-coded questionnaire will be developed and pre-tested. The questionnaire will include questions on household characteristics, assets, inputs and output of oil palm production activities and marketing, other sources of income, factor and product prices, credit, contractual arrangement, perception of contract farming and the partner (nucleus estate), and perception of changes over the previous five years and environmental aspects will be spread in two districts for totally 291 oil palm farmers in Jambi. The respondent farmers will be selected by multi stage and random sampling technique. Interview Interview will be done to explore concept, process, problems and players behavior in the oil palm contract farming. It also allows us to obtain qualitative data deeply and comprehensively. The interview will involve stakeholders and key players in contract farming in the oil palm industry. Several key stakeholders will be interviewed regarding the partnership policy in the oil palm supply chain in contract farming including: Ministry of agriculture, The Association of Oil, Palm Plantation Companies, Bank, NGO, and Roundtable Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO).

Training :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Training Informal and Formal Training and Development Informal Training and Development Informal training and development is rather casual and incidental. Typically, there are no specified training goals as such, nor are their ways to evaluate if the training actually accomplished these goals or not. This type of training and development occurs so naturally that many people probably aren't aware that they're in a training experience at all. Probably the most prominent form of informal training is learning from experience on the job. Examples are informal discussions among employees about a certain topic, book discussion groups, and reading newspaper and journal articles about a topic. A more recent approach is sending employees to hear prominent speakers, sometimes affectionately called "the parade of stars". Informal training is less effective than formal training if one should intentionally be learning a specific area of knowledge or skill in a timely fashion. Hardly any thought is put into what learning is to occur and whether that learning occurred or not. (However, this form of training often provides the deepest and richest learning because this form is what occurs naturally in life.) Formal Training and Development Formal training is based on some standard "form". Formal training might include: a) declaring certain learning objectives (or an extent of knowledge, skills or abilities that will be reached by learners at the end of the training), b) using a variety of learning methods to reach the objectives and then b) applying some kind(s) of evaluation activities at the end of the training. The methods and means of evaluation might closely associate with the learning objectives, or might not. For example, courses, seminars and workshops often have a form -- but it's arguable whether or not their training methods and evaluation methods actually assess whether the objectives have been met or not. Formal, Systematic Training and Development Systematic, formal training involves carefully proceeding through the following phases: a) Assessing what knowledge, skills and /or abilities are needed by learners; b) Designing the training, including identifying learning goals and associated objectives, training methods to reach the objectives, and means to carefully evaluate whether the objectives have been reached or not; c) Developing the training methods and materials; d) Implementing the training; and e) Evaluating whether objectives have been reached or not, in addition to the quality of the training methods and materials themselves A systematic approach is goal-oriented (hopefully, to produce results for the organization and/or learners), with the results of each phase being used by the next phase.

Seven Sisters of India

Seven Sister States From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For the book by Aglaja Stirn and Peter Van Ham, see The Seven Sisters of India. The Seven Sister States of India The Seven Sister States are a region in northeastern India, comprising the contiguous states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura. The region had a population of 38. 6 million in 2000, about 3. 8 percent of India's total. There is great ethnic and religious diversity within the seven states. For most of their history, they were independent, and their complete integration with India came about only during the British Raj. Most of the seven sister states are on the Eurasian Plate. (Excluding Southwest Meghalaya and the extreme west of Assam) [1] Contents[hide] * 1 The Seven States * 2 History * 3 Ethnic and religious composition * 4 Natural resources * 5 Interdependence * 6 Origin of the sobriquet * 7 See also * 8 References * 9 External links | [edit] The Seven States State| Capital| Arunachal Pradesh| Itanagar| Assam| Dispur| Manipur| Imphal| Meghalaya| Shillong| Mizoram| Aizawl| Nagaland| Kohima| Tripura| Agartala| [edit] History When India became independent from the United Kingdom in 1947, only three states covered the area. Manipur and Tripura were princely states, while a much larger Assam Province was under direct British rule. Its capital was Dispur. Four new states were carved out of the original territory of Assam in the decades following independence, in line with the policy of the Indian government of reorganizing the states along ethnic and linguistic lines. Accordingly, Nagaland became a separate state in 1963, followed by Meghalaya in 1972. Mizoram became a Union Territory in 1972, and achieved statehood – along with Arunachal Pradesh – in 1987. [edit] Ethnic and religious composition Except for Assam, where the major languages are Assamese and Bengali, and Tripura, where the major language is Bengali, the region has a predominantly tribal population that speak numerous Tibeto-Burman and Austro-Asiatic languages. Hinduism and Christianity are the predominant religions in this region. The proliferation of Christianity among the Seven Sister States sets it apart from the rest of India. The work of Christian missionaries in the area has led to large scale conversion of the tribal population. Christians now comprise the majority of the population in Nagaland, Mizoram and Meghalaya and sizeable minority in Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh. The bigger states of Assam and Tripura, however, have remained predominantly Hindu, with a sizeable Muslim minority in Assam. [edit] Natural resources Main industries in the region are tea-based, crude oil and natural gas, silk, bamboo and handicrafts. The states are heavily forested and have plentiful rainfall. There are beautiful wildlife sanctuaries, tea-estates and mighty rivers like Brahmaputra. The region is home to one-horned rhinoceros, elephants and other endangered wildlife. For security reasons, including inter-tribal tensions, widespread insurgencies, and disputed borders with neighbouring China, there are restrictions on foreigners visiting the area, hampering the development of the potentially profitable tourism industry. edit] Interdependence The landlocked Northeastern region of the country comprises seven separate states whose geographical and practical needs of development underscore their need to thrive and work together. A compact geographical unit, the Northeast is isolated from the rest of India except through the Siliguri Corridor, a slender and vulnerable corridor, flanked by alien territories. Assam is the gateway through which the sister states are connected to the mainland. Tripura, a virtual enclave almost surrounded by Bangladesh, strongly depends on Assam. Nagaland, Meghalaya and Arunachal depend on Assam for their internal communications. Manipur and Mizoram's contacts with the main body of India are through Assam's Barak Valley. Raw material requirements also make the states mutually dependent. All rivers in Assam's plains originate in Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and western Meghalaya. Manipur's rivers have their sources in Nagaland and Mizoram; the hills also have rich mineral and forest resources. Petroleum is found in the plains. The plains depend on the hills also on vital questions like flood control. A correct strategy to control floods in the plains calls for soil conservation and afforestation in the hills. The hills depend on the plains for markets for their produce. They depend on the plains even for food grains because of limited cultivable land in the hills. To provide a forum for collaboration towards common objectives, the Indian government established the North Eastern Council in 1971. Each state is represented by its Governor and Chief Minister. The Council has enabled the Seven Sister States to work together on numerous matters, including the provision of educational facilities and electric supplies to the region. [edit] Origin of the sobriquet The sobriquet, the Land of Seven Sisters, had been originally coined, coinciding with the inauguration of the new states in January, 1972, by Jyoti Prasad Saikia, a journalist in Tripura in course of a radio talk. Saikia later compiled a book on the interdependence and commonness of the Seven Sister States, and named it the Land of Seven Sisters. It has been primarily because of this publication that the sobriquet has caught on.

Fair Is Foul and Foul Is Fair Essay

â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair. Hover through the fog and filthy air,† said the witches in the first act and scene of Macbeth. Pertaining to the story, I believe this quote sheds light to the audience on the evil the witches possess. Without even reading further into the book, the audience can feel the eerie aura that the witches give off. You can foreshadow that the witches are going to turn what is good, foul and maintain what is foul. The witches are saying that fair and foul are the same: to be fair, you must be foul and to be foul, you must be fair. The witches do foul things because they think it is the only fair way. The witches basically symbolize everything that the kingdom does not need to prosper. The witches are manipulative. They manipulate Macbeth simply because his downfall would bring them joy. Evil and foul prophecies will cloud Macbeth’s judgment, making him think that they are fair and what he needs to follow. They are foul in their motives but their words are fair and their wordplay cannot be defined as lying but they skillfully dance around the truth. To the witches foul is fair and vice versa. You can also say that what is foul to any normal human is what is fair and good to the witches because they embody everything that we believe is evil. You can relate the phrase to reality or just believe that this is the witches’ opinion. Relating to real life outside of the book, I believe that this quote can mean that sometimes do be fair and just you have to go about it in a way that isn’t fair and just. Justice has to be attained, sometimes, by unjust means. It can also mean that the truth hurts and life is not fair, also to be fair is not to be appealing. These two words are opposite of their meanings. Depending on a person’s definition of fair and foul, it can change its meaning. It is circumstantial, and the meaning can change frequently. Defining fair as benevolent and good and foul as evil and menacing, you can say that to be good, you have to be malicious and to malicious you have to go about it in a ‘good’ and nice way. Some things that are fair might not always be the best but things that are fair might always be what a person what a person wants. Also, it could mean that people and things aren’t as they seem. People who seem foul could be fair and people who seem fair could be foul.

Mpo Notes

Extrinsic motivation is related to rewards such as salary, job security, benefits, promotional prospects, the working environment and its conditions. Intrinsic motivation comes from within the individual. It relates to rewards which are psychological such as positive recognition and a sense of challenge and achievement. Vroom’s expectancy theory – Vroom believes that people will be motivated to do things to reach a goal if they believe in the worth of the goal and if they can see that what they do will help them to achieve it.Maslow Theory hierarchy of needs – self actualisation, esteem needs self esteem recognition status, social needs sense of belonging love, safety needs security protection, physiological needs hunger thirst. Herzberg two factor theory – hygiene factors (maintenance factors to avoid dissatisfaction but do not necessarily motivate employees) – Company policy and administration, Wages, salaries and other financial remuneration, Qua lity of supervision, Quality of inter-personal relations, Working conditions, Feelings of job security.Motivator factors – Status, Opportunity for advancement, Gaining recognition, Responsibility, Challenging / stimulating work, Sense of personal achievement & personal growth in a job. McGregor’s X and Y theory – Theory X = Individuals who dislike work and avoid it where possible, Individuals who lack ambition, dislike responsibility and prefer to be led, Individuals who desire security. Theory Y = Consider effort at work as just like rest or play, Ordinary people who do not dislike work.Depending on the working conditions, work could be considered a source of satisfaction or punishment, Individuals who seek responsibility (if they are motivated). Taylor’s scientific management theory – Man is a rational economic animal concerned with maximising his economic gain, People respond as individuals, not as groups, People can be treated in a standardised fashion, like machines. Porter and Lawler’s Expectancy Model is a further development of Vroom’s theory.It considers performance as a whole, pointing out that effort expended does not lead directly to performance but is influenced by the ability of the individual and his/her perceptions. They identify motivation, performance and satisfaction as individual and separate variables and attempt to explain the relationships between the three. Adam’s equity theory – focuses on the way people feel they have been treated in the workplace, looks at fairness of treatment between people, expectation – what people expect to receive in return for there hard work.People may try and get others to leave, they may start to compare themselves to someone who they think they are more like. Methods of removing inequity – increased pay, perks, better working conditions, transfer a member to another department. Locke’s goal theory – clarity, challeng e, commitment, feedback, task complexity. Teamwork is important for staff morale, work performance. Empowerment, quality circle and TQM. Improves productivity, improving quality, improvement in motivation and commitment.Organisations arrange their workforce into groups of people who work together for a common purpose or goal but who each have their own jobs to do. Teamwork creates synergy, in groups leadership is shared, empowerment is making people responsible for the quality of their own work, it enables all knowledge to be utilised, and people doing the work are those that know most about the job. Where group members share the same office this can lead towards group cohesiveness.Good teamwork – Commitment to the team’s success as well as the development of team member, The appropriate skills to do the tasks, The team has its own clear identity to both the members and others, Team members are positive and motivated, The team learns from mistakes and copes with setbac ks, The team is results focussed and produces real results. The authoritarian manager: Motivates by reward, Imposes decisions, Does not delegate, Has only a superficial trust in their staff, Occasionally involves staff in solving problems.The democratic manager: Shares opinions and ideas, Has complete confidence and trust in their staff, Allows staff to participate in making decisions, Motivates by reward for achieving goals set by participation. The autocratic manager: Threatens or bullies staff into action, never delegates, Always imposes decisions on others, Has no trust and confidence in staff, Has little communication and teamwork.

Classical Criminology Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Classical Criminology Theory - Research Paper Example They include the processes of making, reacting and the breaking of laws to prevent criminal activities. Throughout the background of the criminology theory, there have been different forms of punishments, policies, customs and ideas that have been changed to form the study of the criminology. These classical theories defining the reasons behind the crimes that are committed have been devised by the writers of that time. One of the main founders of the classical school of criminology was Cesare Beccaria, who developed his theories in order to develop the criminal justice system (Hagan, 2011). Beccaria’s theories are developed on the basis of three main ideas: all individuals have a free will to do anything they want and make choices; all individuals look out for their own satisfaction; it is the interests of individuals that make their actions predictable. The first idea of Beccaria is similar to the ideas expressed by other classical theorists – that it is free will that allows a person to do what he or she wants and to make free choices. The second idea expresses the individual’s rational manner, which means that an individual will do anything for his or her personal satisfaction; this means that a person’s desire to get the best can make this person a wrongdoer. In this way, all members of the society will be looking for their satisfaction and thus interests will clash ‎ (Samaha, 2005). ‎ The third idea expresses manipulability – a universal interest of humans is known, and it makes the human actions predictable and controllable. He further believed that the problem with the criminal justice system was to choose the right punishments for the right criminals, and not only the criminal justice system but also the government should play a role in using their rights to have the laws of punishments (Hagan, 2011).  Ã‚  

Chemistry assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Chemistry assignment - Essay Example Thus we must multiply 3 to get the integers 3 and 4, for Fe and O subscripts respectively. This is the simplest, or empirical, formula because the subscripts are the smallest integers that express ratios of atoms present in the compound. Certain elements appear to violate the rules in electron configuration. The electron configuration of chromium is rather than , as one might have expected. Similarly, the configuration of copper is instead of . This anomalous behavior is largely a consequence of the closeness of the 3d and 4s orbital energies. It frequently occurs when there are enough electrons to lead to precisely half-filled sets of degenerate orbitals (as in chromium) or to completely filled d subshell (as in copper). Increasing the distance from the nucleus decreases the attraction between the electrons and the nucleus. As this attraction decreases, it becomes easier to remove the electron and, thus, lower ionization energy. Element A has the largest atomic number (greatest distance between outer electron and nucleus) because it has the least ionization energy. The ionization energies for an element increase in magnitude as successive electrons are removed. But when the next electron removed is an inner-shell electron, there is a sharp increase in ionization energy. The figure shown below tells us which group elements A-E should be placed. 19. 27.823g of Na2CO3.xH2O crystals were dissolved in water and made up to 1000 cm3 of solution. 25 cm3 of this solution required 48.8 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 HCI for complete neutralisation. Find the value of x in Na2CO3.xH2O using the following steps: 20. 4.00g of lawn sand (a mixture of sand and ammonium sulphate) was weighed into a conical flask, and 25 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution was pipetted into the same flask. The conical flask was boiled for 20 minutes, after which time all the ammonia had been driven off,

Service Recovery Effects on Customer Satisfaction Essay

Service Recovery Effects on Customer Satisfaction - Essay Example Further, the research results showed that their was a correlation between service recovery and customer loyalty. 1. Introduction The concept of service recovery is both a business function and a critical focus point from the marketing perspective. The hotel industry is majorly based on offering intangible services and this makes service recovery an important business strategy. Essentially, service recovery entails the measures that an organization puts in place to respond to failures in service delivery. The hotel industry is prone to several variables that make it necessary to put in place service recovery strategies. Therefore, the effect of service recovery on customer satisfaction and loyalty becomes an important topic of research. To gain insight into this topic, the researcher used questionnaires to collect data which was used to analyze the impact of service delivery on customer loyalty and satisfaction in the hotel industry. 1.1 Research Aim This report aims to examine the im pacts of service recovery on customer satisfaction and loyalty in the hotel industry. ... 2. Literature Review 2.1 Service Recovery According to Keith (2008), service recovery is the well thought out process solving the issues of aggrieved customer and returning the customer to a state of satisfaction with the product or company. Service delivery can also be thought of as the set of actions a firm takes as a response to poor service quality (Andreasson, 2000). Therefore, service recovery can be considered as the response of a firm to its clients after a product or service failure with the intention of appeasing the aggrieved client and maintain their business value. The ultimate goal of service recovery is to ensure that clients maintain their business relationships with the firm that caused them the initial problem. In every organization, things occur that may have undesired effect on the customer. Hence, a company needs to have systems in place to implement corrective measures whe n things go wrong. The ultimate test of a company’s commitment to quality service is how it handles issues concerning instances of provision of below per services (Craig. 1999). He further argues that organizations need to put in place effective recovery strategies to win back a customers trust after instances problems in service delivery. Service recovery strategies are necessary to ensure that the service failures do not fit into a pattern of failure which might have devastating effects on the business enterprise (Berry 1995). Some studies indicate that excellent initial service is much better than relying on service recovery. However, other studies point out that service recovery has a greater impact on the customer than even the initial service.

How to Use the Social Media as a Platform for Employees to Raise Assignment

How to Use the Social Media as a Platform for Employees to Raise Grievances and Share Knowledge - Assignment Example Many people interact with others in the virtue communities using social media. However, social media can be used by the organization to enable employees to raise grievances and share information, which can benefit other employees in the organization. According to previous studies conducted on the benefits of social media, this problem has never been addressed, and is, that many people spend their time in the social communities there is a need to tap the energy and use it for the good of the organization. Many inconsistencies in the literature have been identified when it comes to the identification of how social media can be in the organization to achieve productivity. Therefore, the research is designed to answer a recommended future resea5rch question. The significance of the study is to identify how social media can be sued in an organization to achieve information sharing and raising grievances. This is because several employees have difficulty raising grievances in the organization, as their employees may be discriminatory. Therefore, by using social media employees can raise their grievances to the upper management; hence, ensuring that their grievances will be raised. According to, the use of scorecard on the social network that can use to help the organization in identifying new ways to improve knowledge flows. The information flow in the organization can be linked to communication media that is equal in all working environments.  The significance of the study is to identify how social media can be sued in organization to achieve information sharing and raising grievances. This is because several employees have difficulty raising grievances in the organization, as their employees may be discriminatory.  

Reflective practice journal Food and physical exercise Article

Reflective practice journal Food and physical exercise - Article Example This analysis of the articles enables individuals to increase their understanding on how children perceive movement and therefore there are suggestions for policies and changes in the environment to increase freedom of movement. They also show that a thin subsidy on ASBs and a fat tax in SSBs will have beneficial results on reduction of obesity rates in children therefore increasing the cost of good decreases consumption and enables one to maximise utility (Andreyeva et al. 2010). I personally think that the above articles advocates the need for physical exercise, eating nutritional foods and the introduction of policies for example raising taxes on fatty foods and the introduction of healthy eating guidelines in South Australian schools as a way of curbing obesity. The policies can be implemented by ensuring that there is good media campaigns and behavioural modification. Individuals should appreciate changes in lifestyle and have positive attitude in achieving changes in healthy eating and healthy weight this generates confidence. I therefore think that as individuals we should concentrate avoiding risk factors such as poor nutrition, unhealthy weight and physical inactivity (Drewnowski & Darmon

The poem Half caste Essay Example for Free

The poem Half caste Essay The poem half caste has one reference of rhyme in it glow, shadow, tomorrow this rhyming makes the poem seem like a well planned argument rather than a rant. This gives the effect that he is reasoning with someone in an argument (his audience). The rhythm in the poem nothings changed, starts off with a very slow rhythm to it, it sues mono-syllabic words small round hard stones click this creates a slow harsh bitter mood. During the 2nd stanza the pace speeds up, he begins to use repetition and my hands, and my skin, and and this repetition of the word and shows his anger rising, consequently causing the poems pace to quicken dramatically. Once again the rhythm changes, this change occurs in the 4th stanza no sign says it, but we know where we belong the rhythm is slower meaning that he is sad. The rhythm in the poem half caste is very constant, it has a steady rhythm to it mainly because the poem is very humorous and harsh all through the poem yu mean when Picasso mixed red and green, is a half caste canvas The poet in the poem half caste uses many references to imagery, imagery means when you can see what the poet is trying to describe yu mean when light an shadow mix in de sky is a half caste weather this compares having parents of different colours to a natural image of the sky mixing. Nothings changed also uses imagery. Name flaring like a flag this simile shows the proud and insulting dominance of the white mans inn. The white mans inn is posh it is admirable it is up-market but still it squats , it does not blend in with its surroundings, this new inn, with posh food contrasts sharply with the black peoples inn, with plastic tables and no tissues but to wipe your hands on your worn out jeans. The flag of the white mans inn seems to be taunting the man. The poets use language to explore their feelings about racism in many interesting and imaginative ways. In half caste the poet repetition of the words explain yuself this gives a conversational and yet aggressive tone. The poet also uses Creole explain yuself, by the poet using Creole it shows he is comfortable with both sides of his background. In the poem nothings changed the poet uses alliteration and one syllable words to tell his poem. Cuffs, cans, crunch by using mono-syllabic words the poem seems sad, but it also makes it seem snappy and hard hitting. Afrika also uses onomatopoeias click, crunch. Onomatopoeias are words that sound like the sound they make. Both of the poems are expressing their hate for racism they have told it in two different perspectives one from each poet. Tatamkhula afrika has a more aggressive view of racism, he despises it. On the other hand john agard has a more conversational attitude to racism he debates about it and is able to laugh the idea of racism off. John agards poem interested me the most, because I was interested to hear about his ideas on racism (half caste). In conclusion I agree with both poets about their view on racism, racism is for the small minded and it should be stopped.

Interest Groups in Texas, US

Interest Groups in Texas, US Throughout the nation there are many different interest groups from large national interest groups to small regional interest groups, Texas is no different. There is an innumerable amount of interest groups operating in the state of Texas. The main goal of an interest group is to get a piece of legislature passed that aligns with their goals or vision. Some of the more influential interest groups in Texas are Texas NAACP and the Texas State Rifle Association. A couple of interest groups that have been underrepresented in Texas are the NARAL Pro-Choice Texas and the Texas Equity PAC. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NCAAP) is a national organization focused on the empowerment of colored people throughout the nation (Texas NAACP History.). NCAAP Texas is no different, they strive for the advancement of colored people. There have been many successes in Texas through the NCAAP. The NCAAP in Texas is one of the more influential interest groups due to the fact that it is also a national interest group and has far reach resources. With these resources they can reach out and receive help from anywhere in the country to battle whichever dilemma they are faced with. They have had multiple successes in the national stage as well as the local stage in Texas. The Texas Rifle Association is one more influential interest group in Texas. Founded in 1919 the TSRA is located in Austin, TX and their main goal is to support the 2nd Amendment, which is the right to bear arms (LEGISLATIVE.). They are influential due to being the only full-time firearms advocate lobbyist in Texas (LEGISLATIVE.). Some of their successes have been the open carry on campus implementation. This allows students to carry firearms on campus in the state of Texas. Also the open carry piece of legislation which allow the use of open carry in the state of Texas too effect due in part to their lobbying. There are however interest groups that are underrepresented in Texas. One of which is the Texas Equity PAC. The Texas Equity PAC is a group that advocates for the LGBT community of Texas (Texas Equity PAC.). Their main interest is to put in effect pro-equality polices and legislation through the election of pro-equality candidates. This group has not been around for very long and does not have many supporters in the state legislation. They do however endorse five officials in the state government for their pro-equality work (Texas Equity PAC.). Another underrepresented interest group in Texas is the NARAL Pro-Choice Texas interest group. They are a group that revolves around feminism and in a conservative state like Texas, they are an afterthought. Their main mission is to guarantee every Texan has the right to make personal reproductive health decision and to guarantee access to the full range of options (2017 Texas Legislature.). This interest group targets women who need abortions, and feel that this is a human right to have control over their bodies. Being in a conservative state, many of their arguments against anti-abortion legislation are defeated. This is due to many Republicans who are traditionally conservative being in political offices, and denying these appeals to overwrite legislation that takes away a womans right to decide whether or not she wants to have the baby. In conclusion, there are many national interest groups as well as interest groups in Texas. The main aspiration of an interest group is to have legislation or policies passed that positively effect their interest. There are many influential groups in Texas, a couple of them are the NCAAP Texas and the Texas Rifle Association. There are also interest groups that go underrepresented in Texas, some of these groups are the Texas Equity PAC and the NARAL Pro-Choice Texas groups. Works Cited 2017 Texas Legislature. NARAL Pro-Choice Texas. NARAL Pro-Choice Texas, n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2017. Champagne, Anthony, and Edward J. Harpham. Governing Texas:. New York: W.W. Norton Company, 2013. Print. LEGISLATIVE. Texas State Rifle Association. TEXAS STATE RIFLE ASSOCIATION, n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2017. Texas Equity PAC. Texas Equity PAC. Texas Equity PAC, n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2017. Texas NAACP History. Texas State Conference of NAACP Units. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2017.